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🧠 Хитрая задача на C++: "Исчезающее число среди строк"

Условие
Дан список строк, представляющих числа от 1 до 100 включительно. Одного числа нет.
Твоя задача — найти, какого именно числа не хватает.
Нельзя использовать сортировку, std::accumulate, std::unordered_map, std::stoi можно.

Пример:
Массив: ["1", "2", "3", ..., "98", "99"] (без "100")
Ответ: 100

Формат:


int findMissingNumber(const std::vector<std::string>& data);


Решение с XOR


#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

int findMissingNumber(const std::vector<std::string>& data) {
int xor_full = 0;
int xor_data = 0;

for (int i = 1; i <= 100; ++i) {
xor_full ^= i;
}

for (const auto& s : data) {
xor_data ^= std::stoi(s);
}

return xor_full ^ xor_data;
}


Пример использования:


int main() {
std::vector<std::string> data;
for (int i = 1; i <= 100; ++i) {
if (i != 57) { // Удалим 57
data.push_back(std::to_string(i));
}
}

std::cout << "Пропущено: " << findMissingNumber(data) << std::endl;
return 0;
}


Почему работает:
XOR — идеальное решение, когда нужно найти одну потерянную величину среди уникальных значений.
a ^ a = 0, 0 ^ b = b. Поэтому:
(XOR всех от 1 до 100) ^ (XOR из данных) = отсутствующее число.

@cpluspluc



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🧠 Хитрая задача на C++: "Исчезающее число среди строк"

Условие
Дан список строк, представляющих числа от 1 до 100 включительно. Одного числа нет.
Твоя задача — найти, какого именно числа не хватает.
Нельзя использовать сортировку, std::accumulate, std::unordered_map, std::stoi можно.

Пример:
Массив: ["1", "2", "3", ..., "98", "99"] (без "100")
Ответ: 100

Формат:


int findMissingNumber(const std::vector<std::string>& data);


Решение с XOR


#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

int findMissingNumber(const std::vector<std::string>& data) {
int xor_full = 0;
int xor_data = 0;

for (int i = 1; i <= 100; ++i) {
xor_full ^= i;
}

for (const auto& s : data) {
xor_data ^= std::stoi(s);
}

return xor_full ^ xor_data;
}


Пример использования:


int main() {
std::vector<std::string> data;
for (int i = 1; i <= 100; ++i) {
if (i != 57) { // Удалим 57
data.push_back(std::to_string(i));
}
}

std::cout << "Пропущено: " << findMissingNumber(data) << std::endl;
return 0;
}


Почему работает:
XOR — идеальное решение, когда нужно найти одну потерянную величину среди уникальных значений.
a ^ a = 0, 0 ^ b = b. Поэтому:
(XOR всех от 1 до 100) ^ (XOR из данных) = отсутствующее число.

@cpluspluc

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